In recent weeks, India has been confronting a significant outbreak of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), particularly concentrated in the western state of Maharashtra. As of mid-February 2025, over 160 cases have been reported, with the majority emerging from Pune and its surrounding areas. Tragically, this outbreak has resulted in at least five fatalities, with numerous patients requiring intensive care and ventilator support.
Health authorities have traced the source of this outbreak to Campylobacter jejuni, a bacterium commonly associated with foodborne infections. This pathogen is recognized as a leading cause of GBS worldwide. In the current situation, the consumption of contaminated food and water has been identified as the primary transmission route.
In response to the outbreak, medical professionals have issued advisories recommending the public to avoid consuming food from outside sources. Dr. Priyanka Sehrawat, MD Medicine and DM Neurology from AIIMS Delhi, emphasized the importance of refraining from eating out, highlighting that Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of gastroenteritis leading to GBS.
While specific dietary restrictions on non-vegetarian food have not been universally mandated, it is crucial to ensure that all food, especially poultry and meat products, is thoroughly cooked and prepared under hygienic conditions to minimize the risk of infection. Additionally, maintaining proper hand hygiene and consuming safe, clean water are essential preventive measures.
The Maharashtra government continues to monitor the situation closely, implementing measures to ensure food and water safety, and urging the public to seek immediate medical attention if they experience symptoms associated with GBS.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome Outbreak in India